Alas Purwo National Park

Alas Purwo National Park is representative of a typical lowland tropical rain forest ecosystem in Java. Peculiar and endemic species of plant that grow in this Park include sawo kecik (Manilkara kauki) and manggong bamboo (Gigantochloa manggong). Among the other plants that can be found here are ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), kepuh (Sterculia foetida), and keben (Barringtonia asiatica). Moreover, there are 13 different species of bamboo.

Alas Purwo National Park is a habitat for several species of wildlife such as the ebony leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus auratus), banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus), green peafowl (Pavo muticus), red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), deer (Cervus timorensis russa), panther (Panthera pardus), and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis). Some species of turtle like the Pacific ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and common green (Chelonia mydas) are often seen landing on the southern beach of this Park between January and November.

In the period from October to December, some 16 species of migrant bird from Australia such as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon chloris/Todirhampus sanctus), blue-tailed bee-eater (Merops philippinus), common sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), and wood sandpiper (Tringa glareola) can be seen in Bedul Segoro Anak.

Plengkung, in the southern part of the Park, is almost legendary among the world's top surfers. They call it "G-Land". The name is derived from its location in Teluk Grajagan (Grajagan Bay), which resembles the letter "G". Moreover, it is located a short distance from a stretch of tropical rain forest which always looks green (hence green land or "G-land"). Plengkung is one of the top four locations for surfing in the world and can be ranked alongside surf sites in Hawaii, Australia, and South Africa.

The baby Trachypithecus auratus

Walking along the white sand beach from Trianggulasi to Plengkung, visitors will come across an area of buckshot-like sand. The grains are yellow in colour and have a diameter of around 2.5 mm.

The communities living around the Park are very typical of the "Blambangan" culture. They believe that what is now the Park was the last stopover of the Majapahit people who were escaping the onslaught of the Mataram kingdom, and they are convinced that hidden somewhere in the park is a sacred kris, or dagger, named "Keris Pusaka Sumelang Gandring". For this reason, it is not unusual for people to meditate or hold religious ceremonies in the Park, particularly in Goa Padepokan and Goa Istana.

Near the Rowobendo entrance gate there are historical remains in the form of "Pura Agung", a Hindu temple, where a Hindu ceremony, "Pagerwesi", is held every 210 days.

This Park has a diversity of ecotourism and cultural tourism attractions (sea, sand, sun, forest, wild animals and traditional cultures) which are located in close proximity to one another.

Interesting locations/attractions:

Sadengan: located 12 km (30 minutes) from the Pasaranyar entrance gate. This is a grazing area for banteng, barking deer, mouse deer, wild pigs, and birds.
Trianggulasi: located 13 km from the Pasaranyar entrance gate, a white sand beach with a coastal forest, suitable for marine recreation and camping.
Ngagelan Beach: located 7 km from Trianggulasi. Visitors can watch several species of turtle landing on the beach to lay their eggs, and other turtle breeding activities.
Plengkung: a good place to watch professional world-class surfers perform, and to explore the forest.
Bedul Segoro Anak: boating, swimming and water skiing on the lake, and watching migrant birds flock in from Australia.
Caves: there are 40 cave sites, both natural and artificial, including a Japanese cave where a pair of old 6-metre long cannons can be seen, Istana Cave, Padepokan Cave, and other caves for both cultural interest and caving.

Best time of year to visit: March to October.

How to reach the Park: Banyuwangi-Pasaranyar, 65 km, then Pasaranyar-Trianggulasi, 12 km by car. Trianggulasi-Plengkung, a 10-km drive along the beach. Other locations like Segoro Anak, Sadengan and Rowobendo can be reached on foot from Trianggulasi.

banteng (Bos sondaicus)

Office: Jl. Achmad Yani 108
Banyuwangi 68416, East Java
Tel. : +62-333-410857
Fax.: +62-333-428675
E-mail: alaspurwo@telkom.net

Designated Minister of Forestry, SK No. 283/Kpts-II/92,
a total area of 43,420 hectares
Location Regency of Banyuwangi (Province of East Java)

Temperature 27° - 30° C
Rainfall 1,000 - 1,500 mm/year
Altitude 0 - 322 m asl.
Geographical location 114°20' - 114°36' E; 8°25' - 8°47' S

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Baluran National Park

Baluran National Park has some of the few dryland ecosystem types in Java, consisting of savanna. It also has mangrove forest, monsoon forest, coastal forest, swamp forest, and evergreen forest.

About 40% of the Park area is dominated by savannatype vegetation.

There are 444 species of plant growing in this Park, including curious and indigenous species like widoro bukol (Ziziphus rotundifolia), mimba (Azadirachta indica), and pilang (Acacia leucophloea). These three species are able to adapt to very arid conditions, remaining green while the plants around them wither. Other plants in the Park include tamarind (Tamarindus indica), gadung (Dioscorea hispida), kemiri (Aleurites moluccana), gebang (Corypha utan), api-api (Avicennia sp.), kendal (Cordia obliqua), manting (Syzygium polyanthum), and kepuh (Sterculia foetida).

The 26 species of mammal include the banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak), Timor deer (Cervus timorensis russa), panther (Panthera pardus), lesser Malay mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus pelandoc), fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus); and ebony leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus auratus). The banteng is the mascot of Baluran National Park.

In addition, there are about 155 species of bird, some of them endangered species like the green peafowl (Pavo muticus), red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), malabar hornbill (Anthracoceros coronatus conversus), rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros silvestris), barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), koel (Eudynamys scolopacea), and lesser adjutant stork (Leptoptilos javanicus).

At Km. 80 on the Batangan-Bekol road there is an old well which has become a legend amongst the surrounding community. Legend has it that long ago, people from the towns of Banyuwangi, Bali and Balura
were simultaneously digging wells in their respective cities. Whichever well was first to gush forth water meant that the city would become a centre of trade and culture.

Savanna bordering on evergreen forest

Interesting locations/attractions:

Batangan: historical site in the form of a Japanese cave. This place is a witness to Indonesias fierce struggle for independence against the Japanese. A good place to observe animals, particularly the peacock dance in the mating season between October and November, and go camping.
Bekol, Semiang: watching animals such as the barking deer, banteng, red junglefowl and green peafowl.
Bama, Balanan, Bilik: marine tours, fishing, swimming, diving/snorkelling, and watching great herds of deer. During July and August, stags can be seen fighting each other. At low tide, troops of ebony leaf monkeys can be seen fishing for crabs using their tails at high tide.
Manting, Air Kacip: a year-round water source, birdwatching in the early morning and afternoon.
Popongan, Sejile, Sirontoh and Kalitopo: rowing on the calm sea while watching shoals of ornamental fish, watching migrant birds.
Candi Bang, Labuan Merak and Kramat: sites of historical/cultural interest.

Best time of year to visit: March to August.

How to reach the Park: Banyuwangi-Batangan, 35 km; then proceed to Bekol, 45 minutes (12 km); or Situbondo-Batangan, 60 km by car.


Dry season in Bekol

Office: Jl. KH Agus Salim 132
Banyuwangi 68425, East Java
Tel. : +62-333-424119
Fax.: +62-333-412680
E-mail: tnbaluran@telkomnet
Office@balurannationalpark.com
Web site: http:/www.balurannationalpark.com

Declared Minister of Agriculture, in 1980
Designated Minister of Forestry, SK.No.279/Kpts-VI/97,
a total area of 25,000 hectares
Location Regency of Situbondo (Province of East Java)

Temperature 27° - 34° C
Rainfall 900 - 1,600 mm/year
Altitude 0 - 1,247 m asl.
Geographical location 114°17' - 114°28' E; 7°29' - 7°55' S

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Meru Betiri National Park

Meru Betiri National Park represents mangrove forest, swamp forest, and lowland rain forest ecosystems.

This Park is a natural habitat of the rafflesia flower (Rafflesia zollingeriana), and various other plants such as mangrove (Rhizophora sp.), api-api (Avicennia sp.), waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus), nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), rengas (Gluta renghas), bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa), pulai (Alstonia scholaris), bendo (Artocarpus elasticus), and several medicinal plants.

This Park is also home to several protected animals, including 29 species of mammal and 180 species of bird. Among them are the banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), panther (Panthera pardus), wild pig (Sus scrofa), long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus), red-tailed flying squirrel (Iomys horsfieldii), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak), Timor deer (Cervus timorensis russa), green peafowl (Pavo muticus), leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), common green turtle (Chelonia mydas), and Pacific ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea).

Meru Betiri National Park is known as the last habitat of the Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) which is now a highly endangered and protected species. However, no traces of this tiger have been found for many years and it is feared to be extinct.

Meru Betiri does have other distinct characteristics. Sukamade Beach is a habitat of the leatherback turtle, the hawksbill turtle, the common green turtle, and the Pacific ridley turtle. Several simple breeding facilities have been constructed at this beach to ensure that the turtles, too, do not become extinct.

Hijau Bay

Interesting locations/attractions:

Rajegwesi Beach: marine tours, swimming, animal/plant observation and cultural visits (traditional fishing communities).
Sumbersari: a grazing area (192 hectares), where visitors can watch animal like the sambar deer and barking deer. There is also a nature laboratory for research.
Sukamade Beach: turtles can be seen laying their eggs. Camping, wind surfing, plant and animal observation are also available here.
Hijau Bay: exploring the forest, marine tours and swimming.

Best time of year to visit: February to July.

How to reach the Park: Surabaya-Jember-Ambulu, about 5 hours by car (225 km); Ambulu-Curahnongko-Bandealit, about 3 hours, or Surabaya-Banyuwangi-Jajag, 6 hours (342 km); Jajag-Sarongan-Sukamade, 3 hours (60 km).


Green little penyu

Office: Jl. Sriwijaya 53, Jember 68121
Tel. /Fax. : +62-331-321530, East Java
E-mail: meru@telkom.net

Declared : Minister of Agriculture, in 1982
Designated : Minister of Forestry, SK No .277/Kpts-VI/97,
the total area of 58,000 hectares
Location : Regencies; Jember and Banyuwangi (Province of East Java)

Rainfall 2,300 mm/year (on average)
Altitude 900 - 1,223 m asl.
Geographical location 113°37' - 113°58' E; 8°21' - 8°34' S

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Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park has sub-montane, montane and sub-alpine ecosystem types, with big trees that are hundreds of years old.

Among the plants that exist in the Park are jamuju (Podocarpus imbricatus), cemara gunung (Casuarina sp.), edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica), various species of orchid, and rare species of grass (Styphelia pungieus).

In addition, there are about 137 species of bird, 22 species of mammal, and four species of reptile in this Park.

Some of the endangered and protected animal species inhabiting the Park are the marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata), deer (Cervus timorensis russa), long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak), red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), panther (Panthera pardus), Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus) and various species of bird such as the besra sparrow hawk (Accipiter virgatus virgatus), crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela bido), rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros silvestris), black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), brahminy kite (Haliastur indus), and ducks that live on the Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo and Ranu Kombolo Lakes.

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is the only conservation area in Indonesia that has a sand 'sea'. This unique feature covers a total area of 5,250 hectares at an altitude of about 2,100 m asl.

Beneath the sand sea, seven eruption centres have been found along two intersecting lines, one from east to west and the other from northeast to southwest. From this northeast-southwest line emerged Mt. Bromo, an active volcano which intermittently emits smoke and ash, and is an ever-present threat to the lives of some 3,500 people living below.

The crater of Mt. Bromo has a diameter of about 800 metres from north to south and 600 metres from east to west. Most of the area within a radius of 4 km from the crater centre is considered hazardous.

The Tenggerese people that live around the Park are indigenous to the area and adhere to ancient Hindu beliefs. According to legend, the ancestors of the tribe were members of the Majapahit kingdom who went into exile. Strangely, despite being aware of the potential dangers of Mt. Bromo, the local people seem unafraid. The same goes for the visitors who come to the Park in great numbers, particularly around the time of the "Upacara Kasodo". The Upacara Kasodo (Kasodo Ceremony) is held every year (December/January) at the full moon. Through this ceremony, the Tenggerese invoke the blessings of the deities to ensure an abundant harvest, to be spared from calamity and to be cured of various diseases. To earn such blessings, they climb down the sides of the crater to catch the offerings thrown into the crater by other members of the community above. The scramble for possession of the 'sacrifices' is at once a gripping, but terrifying sight: it is not uncommon for some of the participants to tumble down to the crater's floor.

Interesting locations/attractions:

Cemorolawang: one of entrance gates through which visitors pass to see the expanse of the sand sea and Bromo's crater from a distance; camping is possible here.
Tengger Sand Sea and Mt. Bromo: horse riding; climbing up concrete steps to the rim of Mt. Bromo's crater, and witnessing the sunrise.
Pananjakan: viewing a magnificent panorama of Mt. Bromo, Mt. Batok, and Mt. Semeru.
Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Kumbolo and Mt. Semeru. These cool, misty lakes (" 2,200 m asl.) are a frequent stopover on the way to Mt. Semeru's peak (3,676 m asl.).
Ranu Darungan Lake: camping and observing animals and plants; incredible views.
Best time of year to visit: June to October, and December to January.

How to reach the Park: Pasuruan-Warung Dowo-Tosari-Wonokitri-Mt. Bromo by car (71 km), or Malang-Tumpang-Gubuk Klakah-Jemplang-Mt. Bromo by car (53 km), and Jemplang-Ranu Pani-Ranu Kumbolo, or Malang-Purwodadi-Nongkojajar-Tosari-Wonokitri-Penanjakan by car (83 km). From Malang to Ranu Pani by car for about 70 minutes and proceed on foot to Puncak Semeru (the peak of Mt. Semeru) - this takes about 13 hours.
Eruptions of Mt.Semeru


Mount Bromo, Mount Batok and Mount Semeru

Office: Jl. Raden Intan Nr. 6, Malang, East Java
Tel. : +62-341-491828
Fax. : +62-341-490885
Jl. Panda Nr. 8, Malang, East Java
Tel. : +62-341-551040
E-mail: tn-bromo@malang.wasan-tara.net.id

Declared : Minister of Agriculture, in 1982
Designated : Minister of Forestry, SK No. 278/Kpts-VI/97,
a total area of 50,276.2 hectares
Location : Regencies; Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Lumajang,
and Malang (Province of East Java)

Temperature 3° - 20° C
Rainfall 6,600 mm/year (on average)
Altitude 75 - 3,676 m asl.
Geographical location 112°47' - 113°10' E; 7°51' - 8°11' S

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Karimunjawa National Park

Karimunjawa National Park, which forms a chain of 27 islands, represents several ecosystem types including lowland rain forest, seagrass and algae fields, coastal forests, mangrove forests, and coral reefs.

A characteristic plant of the Park is dewodaru (Crystocalyx macrophyla) which grows in lowland rain forest. The plants growing in the seagrass and algae fields can be classified into three divisions, namely Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. The coastal and mangrove forests are characterized by ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia), jati pasir (Scaerota frustescens), setigi (Strebus asper), waru laut (Hibiscus tiliaceus), and mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata).Karimunjawa National Park's coral reefs are made up of fringing reefs, barrier reefs and several patch reefs. They have an incredible wealth of species: 51 genera with more than 90 species of coral biota and 242 species of ornamental fish. Two protected biota species, black coral (Antiphates sp.) and organ pipe coral (Tubipora musica), can be found here.

Other protected sea biota include the hornet helmet (Cassis cornuta), triton trumpet (Charonia tritonis), pearly-chambered nautili (Nautilus pompillius), green shell (Turbo marmoratus), and six species of clam.

The diversity of terrestrial animals of this Park is not as high in terms of numbers as that of the aquatic animals. However, it is still possible to see deer (Cervus timorensis subspec), pangolin (Manis javanica), 40 different bird species such as the green imperial pigeon (Ducula aenea), white-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier), red-breasted parakeet (Psittacula alexandri), etc., as well as hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), common green turtle (Chelonia mydas), and edhor snake. The white-bellied sea eagle is listed as an endangered species.

Around Kemujan island, the wreck of the Panamanian ship "Indono", which sank to the sea bed in 1955, is now a habitat of coral fish and is a popular site for wreck diving.

Only five of the 27 islands are inhabited: Karimunjawa, Kemujan, Karang, Nyamuk and Genting. Karimunjawa Island is the centre of this sub-district, which is located 83 km from Jepara (a city famous in Indonesia for its woodcarving industry ).

The name "Karimunjawa" comes from the era of Sunan Muria. He was one of the outstanding religious figures who helped to disseminate Islam in Java. Story has it that once upon a time, Sunan Muria was viewing the islands of Karimunjawa from Java, but they were just a blur on the horizon - in the Javanese language, 'kremun-kremun soko jowo'. When Sunan Muria's son, Sunan Nyamplungan, or Amir Hasan, passed away, he left a bequest of lele fish (Clarias meladerma) without poisonous fins, the grave of Nyamplungan, dewodaru wood, sentigi, kalimosodo and edhor snakes, all of which are now considered sacred by the local people.

Interesting locations/attractions:
Menjangan Kecil, Menjangan Besar, Tanjung Gelam, Legon Lele, Genting, Kembar, Parang, Cemara and Krakal Islands: marine tourism (sailing, surfing, water skiing, swimming, sunbathing on white sand beaches, diving/snorkelling), camping, cultural visits, deer and bird observation.
Bengkoang and Kemujan Islands: camping and wreck diving.
Bukit Bendera, Bukit Gajah and Legon Goprak: tracking and marine tours.

Travel bureaus in Semarang and Jepara offer package tours lasting from between one and seven days.

Cultural attractions outside the Park include the Durian and Lomban Festivals in Jepara, held in January and March each year.

Best time of year to visit: April to October.

How to reach the Park: Semarang-Jepara, about 1.5 hour by car (100 km), then Jepara (Kartini Harbour)-Karimunjawa, about 5 hours by ferry (twice a week), or Semarang (Achmad Yani Airport)-Kemujan Island by plane (once a week).

Padabacia sp and Subergorgia mollis

Office: Jl. Menteri Supeno I Nr. 2
Semarang 50241, Central Java
Tel. : +62-24-8319709
E-mail: btnkjawa@indosat.net.id


Designated : Minister of Forestry, SK No. 74/Kpts-II/2001,
a total area of 110,117.3 hectares
Location : Regency; of Jepara (Province of Central Java)

Temperature 23° - 32° C
Altitude 0 - 605 m asl.
Geographical location 110°07' - 110°37' E; 5°42' - 6°00' S

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Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park, designated in 1980, is one of the first five national parks in Indonesia. However, its unique characteristics have made it a natural laboratory for researchers since long before this time.

In 1819, C.G.C Reinwardt was recorded as the first person to climb Gunung (Mount) Gede, followed by F.W Junghuhn (1839-1861), J.E Teysman (1839), A.R Wallace (1861), S.H Koorders (1890), M. Treub (1891), W.M van Leeuen (1911), and C.G.G.J. van Steenis in 1920 and 1952. They made a collection of plants which formed the basis for a book entitled "The Mountain Flora of Java", published in 1972.

Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park represents a distinct diversity of ecosystems: a sub-montane ecosystem, a montane ecosystem, a sub-alpine ecosystem, a lake ecosystem, a marshland ecosystem, and a savanna ecosystem.

The sub-montane ecosystem is characterized by many large, tall trees like jamuju (Dacrycarpus imbricatus) and puspa (Schima wallichii). The sub-alpine ecosystem, meanwhile, is characterized by grassy meadows of Isachne pangerangensis, edelweiss flower (Anaphalis javanica), violet (Viola pilosa), and sentigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium).

Among the endangered animal species that can be found in the Park are primate species which are now threatened with extinction such as the Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch), Javan leaf monkey (Presbytis comata comata), ebony leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus auratus); panther (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak), lesser Malay mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus javanicus), Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus), southeast Asian porcupine (Hystrix brachyura brachyura), stink badger (Mydaus javanensis), and yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula).

Gunung Gede-Pangrango is widely known for its wealth of bird species: 251 of the 450 species in Java inhabit this Park. Among these are endangered species like the Javan hawk eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi), and the owl (Otus angelinae).

UNESCO declared Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park a Biosphere Reserve in 1977, and it is a Sister Park to Taman Negara Malaysia, under a cooperation signed in 1995 between Indonesia and Malaysia.

Mount Gede and Pangrango

This Park is surrounded by ancient superstitions and beliefs. Legend has it that the spirits of Eyang Suryakencana and Prabu Siliwangi guard Mt. Gede to keep it from erupting. Even now, at certain times of the year, people flock to the caves around Mt. Gede to meditate or hold ritual ceremonies.

Interesting locations/attractions:

Biru Lake: a small lake, covering about five hectares, situated at 1,575 m asl. It is located 1.5 km from the Cibodas entrance gate. Its blue colour (and name) comes from a covering of blue algae.

Cibeureum Waterfall: 50 metres high, this waterfall is located 2.8 km from Cibodas and attracts a lot of visitors. Around the waterfall, it is possible to see a kind of red moss which is endemic to West Java.
Thermal springs: about 5.3 km, or a two-hour walk from Cibodas.
Kandang Batu and Kandang Badak: camping, and plant and animal observation. At an altitude of 2,220 m asl., this site is 7.8 km, or a three-to-five hour trip from Cibodas.
Summit and crater of Mt. Gede: a magnificent place to watch the sunrise or sunset; the towns of Cianjur, Sukabumi, and Bogor can be clearly seen, as well as unusual plants around the crater. It is also interesting from a geological point of view. At this peak, three active craters - Lanang, Ratu and Wadon - are united in a single complex, at an altitude of 2,958 m asl. The craters are 9.7 km, or a five-hour hike, from Cibodas.
Alun-alun Suryakencana (Suryakencana Meadow): a 50-hectare plain covered with edelweiss flowers. The meadow is situated at an altitude of 2,750 m asl., and is 11.8 km, or a six-hour hike, from Cibodas.
Mt. Putri and Selabintana: camping grounds which can accommodate 100 to 150 people.

Best time of year to visit: June to September.

How to reach the Park: Jakarta-Bogor-Cibodas, about 2.5 hours by car (100 km), or Bandung-Cipanas-Cibodas, about 2 hours by car (75 km).

Passiflora edulis

Office: Jl. Raya Cibodas PO Box 3 Sdl.
Cipanas 43253, Cianjur, West Java
Tel. : +62-263-512776
Fax. : +62-263-519415
E-mail: tngp@cianjur.wasantara.net.id


Declared Minister of Agriculture, in 1980,
a total area of 15,000 hectares
Location Regencies: Bogor, Cianjur and Sukabumi (Province of West Java)

Temperature 5° - 28° C
Rainfall 3,600 mm/year (on average)
Altitude 1,000 - 3,000 m asl.
Geographical location 106°50' - 107°02' E; 6°41' - 6°51' S

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Gunung Halimun National Park

Gunung Halimun National Park represents the ecosystem types of lowland rain forest, sub-montane forest, and montane forest. Most of the forest areas of this Park are situated in mountainous terrain with several rivers and waterfalls. The area protects the hydrological function of the regencies of Bogor, Lebak, and Sukabumi.

Among the plants that dominate the forest areas of the Park are rasamala (Altingia excelsa), jamuju (Dacrycarpus imbricatus), and puspa (Schima wallichii). About 75 orchid species grow in the park and several of them are categorized as endangered species, including Bulbophylum binnendykii, B. angustifolium, Cymbidium ensifolium, and Dendrobium macrophyllum.

This Park forms a habitat for several endangered animals like lesser Malay mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus javanicus), Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch), Javan leaf monkey (Presbytis comata comata), ebony leaf monkey (Trachypithecus auratus auratus), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak), panther (Panthera pardus), and Asian wild dog (Cuon alpinus javanicus).
There are about 204 species of bird, of which 90 are permanent and 35 are endemic to Java, such as the Javan hawk eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi). Two species of bird, the spotted crocias (Crocias albonotatus) and the red-fronted laughing thrush (Garrulax rufifrons), are threatened with extinction. The Javan hawk eagle, which is identical to Indonesia's national symbol, the Garuda, can be quite easily spotted in the Park.With its wet climate, this Park is the source for several year-round rivers, and it boasts eight beautiful waterfalls which have great potential as tourist or recreation attractions.

Cikaniki Canopy Trail

The communities living around the Park form a traditional "Kasepuhan" society (in which the elders must be respected by the village people). They have preserved their unique way of life, utilizing the surrounding forest with great wisdom and care.

With its rich variety of attractions, this Park is an ideal site for both recreation and ecotourism. The silence of the deep forest, broken only by the whoops and cries of birds and animals, offers a magnificent backdrop from which to observe wildlife at close quarters.

This Park is equipped with a canopy trail - a walkway suspended between trees - which offers visitors a glimpse of the activities of birds and other wildlife living in the forest canopy.
Colourful wildlife, thundering waterfalls and pristine rivers guarantee an unforgettable experience, particularly for visitors from big cities.

Interesting locations/attractions:
Cimantaja, Piit, Cipamulaan, Cihanyawar, and Citangkolo Waterfalls: forest exploration, plant and animal observation.
Citarik River: rafting.
Cikaniki and Citalahab: camping, canopy trail, and plant and animal observation.
Cibedug Temple: this small temple, dating from the megalithic era, is situated 8 km from the village of Citorek.
Mt. Halimun (" 1,929 m asl.), and Mt. Sangga-buana (" 1,919 m asl.): exploration and mountain climbing.

.The Nirmala tea plantation, located at the main Cipeuteuy entrance, is an additional attraction.

Cultural attractions outside the Park include the Seren Tahun ceremony in July. The ceremony is held at Kesepuhan Banten Kidul and is enlivened with a show of folk arts, from rarely-seen debus performances to angklung and other typically Sundanese arts.


Best time of year to visit: June to August.

How to reach the Park: Bogor/Sukabumi-Parungkuda-Kabandungan, about 1.5 hours by car (50 km), Bogor-Cisangku, about 2.5 hours by car (50 km), Rangkasbitung-Bayah-Ciparay, about 6 hours by car (186 km).


Office: Parungkuda PO Box 2, Kabandungan
Sukabumi 43157, West Java
Tel. : +62-266-621256
Fax. : +62-266-621257
E-mail: tngh@telkom.net

Declared Minister of Forestry, SK No. 282/Kpts-II/1992,
a total area of 40,000 hectares
Location Regencies: Bogor, Sukabumi (Province of West Java) and Regency of Lebak (Province of Banten)

Temperature 30° C (on average)
Rainfall 4,000 - 6,000 mm/year
Altitude 500 - 1,929 m asl.
Geographical location 106°21' - 106°38' E; 6°37' - 6°51' S

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Kepulauan Seribu National Park

Kepulauan Seribu is one of Indonesia's marine nature conservation areas and it is located 45 km north of Jakarta.

The 78 coral islands, both large and small, with an average altitude of not more than 3 m asl, form a chain. Hundreds of years ago, the islands were formed upon colonies of dead coral. These colonies initially grew on shallow sea beds; their upper layers breached the surface and were weathered. Later, pioneer plants such as bushes and several tree species began to grow on the coral. The surface of the islands is quite different from soil-covered ground, and this is reflected in their diverse plant and animal life.

In general, the plants that grow in the Park are dominated by coastal species like coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), pandan (Pandanus sp.), cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia), cangkudu (Morinda citrifolia), butun (Barringtonia asiatica), mangrove (Bruguiera sp.), sukun (Artocarpus altilis), ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), and kecundang (Cerbena adollam).

Sea vegetation commonly found in the Park consists of seaweed divisions like Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta as well as classes of sea grasses like Halimeda sp., Padina sp., Thalasia sp., Sargasum sp., and Caulerpa sp.

The dominant animals in the Park include 54 sea biota species which form part of the coral reef ecosystem, 144 species of fish, 2 species of giant clam, 6 species of sea grass, sea worms of various colours and 17 species of coastal bird.

This Park forms a hatching site for hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), and green turtle (Chelonia mydas). The hawksbill turtle is an endangered species and is rarely found in other waters. These turtles are bred on Pramuka Island. This activity is aimed at recovering the turtle population, which had almost reached extinction. Breeding activities include egg hatching in a semi-natural way and caring for the baby turtles till they are ready to be released into their natural habitat.

Most coastal areas of this Park are surrounded by mangrove forest, where iguanas, golden ring snakes and pythons can be found.

The Kepulauan Seribu chain is a place of enchanting natural beauty. The symphony of calls of the creatures on these small green islands, combined with the sound of thundering waves and golden sunshine at dusk bring a sense of calm and tranquillity to all those who visit the Park.

Kotok Island

Interesting locations/attractions:
Pramuka, Semak Daun, Kelapa, and Panggang Islands: turtle breeding, observing animals, and marine tours.
Pramuka, Opak, and Karang Congkak Islands: wreck diving.
Panjang, Putri, Pelangi, and Perak Islands: marine tours organized by a private company.
Semut, Karang Congkak, Karang Kroja, Kotok Besar, Kotok Kecil, and Gosong Laga Islands: diving and snorkelling.

Best time of year to visit: March to August.

How to reach the Park: For those wishing to take a marine tour around the islands, a boat leaves every day from the Jaya Ancol Marina. The journey time is 1-2 hours. Muara Angke-Pramuka Island, about 2.5 hours by ferry.

Nepthea sp and Oxycomanthus bennetti

Office: Jl. Salemba Raya 9, Jakarta Pusat 10440
Tel. : +62-21-3915773
Fax. : +62-21-3103574
E-mail: tnlks@indo.net.id

Declared : Minister of Agriculture, in 1982
Designated : Minister of Forestry, SK.No. 6310/Kpts-II/2002,
a total area of 107,489 hectares
Location Province of DKI Jakarta

Temperature 21° - 34° C
Rainfall 3,000 mm/year (on average)
Altitude 0 - 2 m asl.
West season November - February
East season May - August
Geographical location 106°25' - 106°37'E; 5°23' - 5°40' S

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Ujung Kulon National Park

Ujung Kulon National Park forms the largest remaining lowland tropical rain forest ecosystem in West Java. Moreover, it is an ideal habitat for the rare animals like the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus). The three main ecosystem types in the Park are marine, coastal and terrestrial.

Ujung Kulon's natural riches - a huge diversity of plants and animals - were first recognized by Dutch and British researchers and botanists in 1820.

Some 700 species of plant are well protected, and about 57 of them are categorized as endangered species, including bayur (Pterospermum javanicum), bengang (Neesia altissima), salam (Syzygium polyanthum), and various species of orchid.



Dermaga di Pulau Peucang
This Park is home to 35 species of mammal, 5 species of primate, 59 species of reptile, 22 species of amphibian, 240 species of bird, 72 species of insect, 142 species of fish, and 33 species of coral. Besides the Javan rhinoceros, other endangered and protected animals are banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), Javan deer (Cervus timorensis russa), panther (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis), Javan leaf monkey (Presbytis comata comata), Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch), and great clam (Tridacna gigas).
This Park is an attractive ecotourism site, with impressive natural phenomena of fast flowing rivers, waterfalls, white sand beaches, thermal springs, sea gardens, and cultural/historical remains (a statue of Ganesha). Taken together, they create an unforgettable experience for the visitor.

The marine and river waters of the Park are home to many beautiful species of fish, including butterfly fish, angel fish, parrot fish, clown fish, mudskippers, and archer fish. The last two species each have a unique characteristic: the mudskipper can climb up trees, while the archer fish can spit water up to a height of more than two metres in order to catch its prey (insects).

Ujung Kulon National Park, together with the Krakatau Nature Reserve, forms a national asset that has been declared a Natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

UNESCO has provided both financial support and technical assistance to enhance the managerial capacity of this Site.

Around the Mt. Honje area there is a community of Sunda Banten people. This people of this community are known for their debus" show using supernatural powers.

Interesting locations/attractions:
Tamanjaya and Cibiuk: the main entrance gate, with a guesthouse and a wharf. Cibiuk is a short distance from Tamanjaya. From here, it takes about 30 minutes on foot (a distance of about 2 km) to reach thermal springs.
Kalejetan Beach: a good point to watch the pounding waves of the Southern Ocean, observe banteng and spot various plants. The beach is located about 11 km away (3 hours on foot) from Tamanjaya.
Karangranjang Beach: wave formations and a beautiful white sand beach, turtle hatching sites, and opportunities to observe animals such as iguana, deer, pigs, etc. It is located about 5 km west of Kalejetan Beach.
Cibandawoh: clean, white, sloping beaches, and a good observation point for deer, pigs, etc. It is about 6 km west of Karangranjang.
Peucang Island: white sand beaches, coral reefs, attractive crystal clear blue sea water for swimming, diving, fishing, snorkelling, and plant and animal observation.
Karang Copong, Citerjun, Cidaon, Ciujungkulon, Cibunar, Tanjung Layar and Ciramea: forest and river exploration, animals roaming through pasture, waterfalls and turtle hatching sites.
Handeuleum Island, Cigenter, Cihandeuleum: animal observation (banteng, pigs, deer, various species of bird, and tracking the footprints of the Javan rhino), exploring rivers and mangrove forest.
Panaitan Island, Mt. Raksa and Mt. Honje: diving, surfing, sites of historical/cultural interest.

Best time of year to visit: April to September.

How to reach the Park: Jakarta-Pandeglang (via toll road)-Labuan, about 3 hours by car (153 km); or Bogor-Pandeglang-Labuan, about 3 hours (160 km); then Labuan-Tamanjaya via Sumur, about 3.5 hours by car; or Labuan-Pulau Peucang, about 5 hours by speed boat.


Cervus timorensis

Office: Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Nr. 51
Labuan Pandeglang 42264
Tel. : +62-253-801731
Fax. : +62-253-804651
E-mail: btnuk@cilegon.wasantara.net.id

Declared Minister of Agriculture, in 1980
Designated Minister of Forestry, SK No. 284/Kpts-II/1992,
a total area 122,956 hectares
Location Regency of Pandeglang (Province of Banten)

Temperature 25°- 30° C
Rainfall 3,200 mm/year (on average)
Altitude 0 - 608 m asl.
Geographical location 102°02' - 105°37' E; 6°30' - 6°52' S

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